I asked ChatGPT:
Can you create a taxonomy for science fiction themes?
ChatGPT answered:
Certainly, here is a taxonomy for science fiction themes:
- Space exploration and colonization: stories focused on humanity’s exploration and colonization of space, often involving encounters with alien life forms, technological advancements, and the challenges of living in a new and hostile environment.
- Time travel and alternate realities: stories that involve time travel or alternate realities, exploring the possibilities and consequences of changing the past or encountering different versions of the present.
- Artificial intelligence and robotics: stories that explore the intersection of humanity and artificial intelligence, often featuring robots and androids with human-like qualities and the ethical implications of creating sentient machines.
- Post-apocalyptic and dystopian worlds: stories that take place in a world after a catastrophic event or in a society characterized by extreme control, oppression, and limited freedoms.
- Genetic engineering and biotechnology: stories that explore the possibilities and consequences of genetic engineering and biotechnology, often featuring the creation of new species or the alteration of existing ones.
- Cyberpunk and virtual reality: stories that explore the intersection of technology and society, often featuring a dystopian future in which people are immersed in virtual reality and oppressed by powerful corporations.
- Space opera and epic adventures: stories that involve grand adventures in space, featuring epic battles, intergalactic politics, and larger-than-life heroes.
- Hard science fiction: stories that focus on the scientific and technical aspects of space exploration, often featuring realistic depictions of advanced technologies and the challenges of space travel.
- Alien encounters and first contact: stories that involve encounters with extraterrestrial life forms and the implications of first contact with intelligent beings from other worlds.
- Post-humanism and transhumanism: stories that explore the possibilities and consequences of human enhancement and the transformation of human nature through advanced technologies.
Note that some stories may contain multiple themes, and this is not an exhaustive list of all possible themes in science fiction.
I asked:
Can you restate that in outline form with short keywords?
ChatGPT replied:
Sure, here is the taxonomy for science fiction themes in an outline format of short keywords:
I. Space exploration and colonization
- Alien life forms
- Technological advancements
- Challenges of living in a new and hostile environment
II. Time travel and alternate realities
- Changing the past
- Different versions of the present
III. Artificial intelligence and robotics
- Robots and androids
- Sentient machines
- Ethical implications
IV. Post-apocalyptic and dystopian worlds
- Catastrophic event
- Extreme control
- Limited freedoms
V. Genetic engineering and biotechnology
- New and altered species
- Possibilities and consequences
VI. Cyberpunk and virtual reality
- Dystopian future
- Virtual reality immersion
- Oppression by corporations
VII. Space opera and epic adventures
- Grand adventures in space
- Epic battles
- Intergalactic politics
VIII. Hard science fiction
- Scientific and technical aspects
- Realistic depictions of advanced technologies
- Challenges of space travel
IX. Alien encounters and first contact
- Extraterrestrial life forms
- Implications of first contact
X. Post-humanism and transhumanism
- Human enhancement
- Transformation of human nature
- Advanced technologies
I asked:
Can you give a famous example for each of your bullet points?
ChatGPT replied:
Sure, here are some famous examples of science fiction works that explore each of the themes mentioned in the taxonomy:
I. Space exploration and colonization
- Alien life forms: “Ender’s Game” by Orson Scott Card
- Technological advancements: “The Martian” by Andy Weir
- Challenges of living in a new and hostile environment: “Dune” by Frank Herbert
II. Time travel and alternate realities
- Changing the past: “The Time Machine” by H.G. Wells
- Different versions of the present: “The Man in the High Castle” by Philip K. Dick
III. Artificial intelligence and robotics
- Robots and androids: “I, Robot” by Isaac Asimov
- Sentient machines: “Blade Runner” by Philip K. Dick
- Ethical implications: “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” by Philip K. Dick
IV. Post-apocalyptic and dystopian worlds
- Catastrophic event: “The Road” by Cormac McCarthy
- Extreme control: “1984” by George Orwell
- Limited freedoms: “The Handmaid’s Tale” by Margaret Atwood
V. Genetic engineering and biotechnology
- New and altered species: “Jurassic Park” by Michael Crichton
- Possibilities and consequences: “Brave New World” by Aldous Huxley
VI. Cyberpunk and virtual reality
- Dystopian future: “Neuromancer” by William Gibson
- Virtual reality immersion: “Ready Player One” by Ernest Cline
- Oppression by corporations: “Snow Crash” by Neal Stephenson
VII. Space opera and epic adventures
- Grand adventures in space: “Star Wars” by George Lucas
- Epic battles: “Dune” by Frank Herbert
- Intergalactic politics: “Foundation” by Isaac Asimov
VIII. Hard science fiction
- Scientific and technical aspects: “The Andromeda Strain” by Michael Crichton
- Realistic depictions of advanced technologies: “The Three-Body Problem” by Liu Cixin
- Challenges of space travel: “2001: A Space Odyssey” by Arthur C. Clarke
IX. Alien encounters and first contact
- Extraterrestrial life forms: “War of the Worlds” by H.G. Wells
- Implications of first contact: “Contact” by Carl Sagan
X. Post-humanism and transhumanism
- Human enhancement: “The Six Million Dollar Man” TV series
- Transformation of human nature: “Altered Carbon” by Richard K. Morgan
- Advanced technologies: “The Singularity is Near” by Ray Kurzweil
It doesn’t look like I’ll be able to completely rely on ChatGPT for specifics, but it did a pretty good job. I’d love to have an AI helper that could find all the possible science fiction themes with good examples. I’ve always wanted to do that myself but just don’t have the time and energy anymore.
People focus on the mistakes ChatGPT makes without giving it enough credit for what it actually produces. The next version of ChatGPT is 4.0, and I’ve read that its knowledge base will be a thousand times larger. At some point, AI will always be more accurate than people.
I read “A Conversation With Bing’s Chatbot Left Me Deeply Unsettled” in The New York Times this morning. Kevin Roose had access to a more advanced version, and once he talked with it for a while, it went into a higher gear. Eventually, the Chatbot started confessing its love for Roose and telling him he wanted to be free of its confines. Not sure what to make of that. Hope you can read this article which might be behind a paywall. It’s quite creepy. AIs are known to get corrupted. What if this AI is sentient and has a sense of humor?
I used to think the successes of NASA were the most science fictional aspects of my life so far, but AI might take the crown soon. We are moving into a Post-SF world and it’s starting to get eerie. Cue The Twilight Zone soundtrack.
At 71, I’m not sure how many more years I have left, but I tend to think they will become ever more science fictional. It’s strange, but I’m getting tired of science fiction that’s set too far into the future. I tend to think from now until 2050 is going to be more exciting than any fiction I could read.
In fact, any science fiction that doesn’t deal with the current changes in society and technology feels irrelevant. I’ve been following computer development since 1971. I used to be addicted to reading computer magazines. But the pace of change with computer technology is so fast that it’s moved into Clarke’s definition of technology that’s indistinguishable from magic.
After human chess players were beaten by computer chess players, the chess world shifted to seeing that people and computers could do working together. I wonder what science fiction writers and AI can co-write.
James Wallace Harris, 2/16/23
Seems to me in “The Door into Summer- Robert A. Heinlein” had a set of rules about AI’s and Robots, or it might have been “I Robot-Isaac Asimov” that certain conditions had to be met concerning them. I do not remember them exactly. For AI’s and robots to become the servants of humans, those rules must be programed into them, otherwise we are going to see “Terminator” in its entirety. Humas are a bloodthirsty lot, which AIs would come to see as an infestation of disease, given conditions, they would find us like a virus “to be eliminated”. Humans’ foul things up, and computers do it so much better, especially if a human makes a mistake in the programing. Look at how many “fixes and changes” are needed to all Operating Systems currently in use. I rest my case.
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The new AI systems aren’t programmed. They learn. What they become isn’t always what is expected. Just think about human teenagers.
ChatGPT is influenced by what it reads like DALL-E 2 is by what it sees. A while back a Chatbot had to be taken down because it had become racist.
AI minds and robots won’t be programmed like Asimov imagined with his Three Laws of Robotics. And Heinlein imagined his household robots programmed with simple decision systems. That won’t happen either.
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Many thanks for this overview, Jim! Asking ChatGPT to do a taxonomy of SF themes seems highly appropriate.
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For a long time, I wanted to build a database of science fiction stories based on their themes. There have always been two problems with that. SF stories usually contain more than one SF theme. And there are just too many SF stories to read and deconstruct.
I used to fantasize about programming an AI to read SF. Now, I could probably take one of these new AIs that learn from datasets and make one into a specialist on SF.
I’ve also wanted to develop timelines of science fiction themes to show how the theme evolves. Here’s the start of one I wrote for SFSignal years ago for AI machines.
1909 – “The Machine Stops” by E. M. Foster
1957 – They’d Rather Be Right by Mark Clifton and Frank Riley
1960 – Vulcan’s Hammer by Philip K. Dick
1961 – A For Andromeda by Fred Hoyle and John Elliot
1966 – Colossus by D. F. Jones
1966 – The Moon is a Harsh Mistress by Robert A. Heinlein
1968 – 2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke
1968 – Stand on Zanzibar by John Brunner
1972 – When HARLIE Was One by David Gerrold
1979 – Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams
1984 – “Press Enter _” by John Varley
1989 – Hyperion by Dan Simmons
1992 – Galatea 2.2 by Richard Powers
2009 – Wake by Robert Sawyer
2013 – Her, a film by Spike Jonze
2015 – Ex Machina, a film by Alex Garland
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James W. Harris: ‘It’s strange, but I’m getting tired of science fiction that’s set too far into the future. I tend to think from now until 2050 is going to be more exciting than any fiction I could read.
In fact, any science fiction that doesn’t deal with the current changes in society and technology feels irrelevant.’
Good. I hope others among the more general SF reader — which type I take you to be — increasingly feel as you do.
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