At a minimum, The Crystal World by J. G. Ballard was an entertaining cozy catastrophe that I was always anxious to get back to reading. What compels me to write this review is figuring out why. The prose is vivid, propelled by a moderately interesting mystery. However, its characters are rather bland but then so are ordinary people. In the end, the story faintly alludes to something, but what?

What elevates this novel is trying to understand how it works. Its Heart of Darkness vibe feels biblical, spiritual, or at least existential. Reading The Crystal World makes me ask why we read fiction. Why are humans addicted to fiction and how does that addiction affect our brains? I do this because I’m also reading Stephen Greenblatt’s The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve, a nonfiction work that says a great deal about fiction.

Any hardcore bookworm will recognize The Book of Genesis as a genius work of fiction. I also think it’s a brilliant work of speculative fiction. Its author felt challenged to imagine how Earth and life on Earth began. Genesis was written well before the concepts of history or science. The author obviously knew of humans living in cities, and those that farmed and herded animals, the author could even have heard that there were places where humans were hunters and gatherers. And from that knowledge speculated that there was a time when humans lived like animals. The author of Genesis even realized there might be a time when humans didn’t have a language. The author pictured Eden where humans lived in harmony with nature before we became different. The obvious question became: What made us change? The obvious answer was, whatever made everything else. Then the question becomes how. Doesn’t eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil make a lovely allegorical explanation?

Do you see why I consider The Book of Genesis an early example of speculative fiction? And isn’t the story of Noah and the Flood, an early apocalyptic tale? Stephen Greenblatt makes a good case that the author of The Book of Genesis cribbed his ideas from much older Babylonian tales. We’ve always had storytellers and writers who tried to explain reality. However, this makes me wonder about modern writers and storytellers. What are they trying to explain?

Billions of humans have believed in the literal story of Genesis. That story says a lot about fiction and its impact on us. The early fathers of the Christian Church tortured the Book of Genesis for centuries producing endless interpretations. That’s a great example of literary criticism gone wrong.

I bring up Greenblatt’s book because we must ask certain questions about the fiction we read. The first question is: Does it have anything to say? In most modern works of fiction, the answer is no, but not always. If the answer is yes, is the fiction allegorical, satirical, literal, comical, historical, romantic, academic, philosophical, speculative, etc. Of course, the last question: Shouldn’t we abandon fiction for nonfiction if we have something to say? Even when fiction is about saying something, it’s often indecipherable.

I’m getting old, and I worry I’ve wasted too much of my life on fiction. I fear that fiction has no value other than as an entertaining way of killing time, and since time is running out, that’s bad.

Reading The Crystal World made me wonder if J. G. Ballard had something to say, or was his novel was just meant to be entertaining? To complicate the answer, The Crystal World is an early work of New Wave science fiction, published before the term was coined.

As evidence, I reprint below Judith Merril’s “Books” column from the August 1966 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. Merril recognizes that science fiction is changing in 1966, and has something to say, and that J. G. Ballard might be leading the way.

The older I get the harder it gets to find science fiction to read. I roam up and down the decades looking for worthy books I’ve missed. With each book that still succeeds on any level, I ask why? Such revelations help me squeeze every last drop of wonder I can out of the genre.

I sometimes wonder if reading fiction hasn’t been a wasted diversion. On the other hand, I wonder if processing fiction hasn’t been my life’s work.

Reading The Crystal World made me think about the power of fiction to temporarily suggest that a made-up story could be true. This isn’t true of all fiction. Some writers can use narrative techniques that convey a sense “that this really happened”
more than others. I’m not claiming that The Crystal World is a brilliant work of realism, but it does use such techniques. And I thought they were the same techniques H. G. Wells used with The War of the Worlds.

The primary technique is using an eyewitness POV. The second technique is telling the story in linear time. The third technique is avoiding fancy prose or embellishments. If the prose feels like reporting events the story will feel real.

The Crystal World is about a science-fictional infection that alters plants and animals. This infection has hit the Earth in several places, much like how the Martian canisters land around the globe in The War of the Worlds. But our narrator, Dr. Edward Sanders doesn’t know this. He learns about one site slowly, by word-of-mouth, as people did before being connected to the internet.

Dr. Sanders lands at Port Matarre on a riverboat steamer from Libreville, in the Cameroon Republic of Central Africa. Dr. Sanders wants to visit two friends, Max and Suzanne Clair, who run a leprosy clinic further upriver. Dr. Saunders works at a leper hospital in Fort Isabelle and is in love with Suzanne Clair.

The story feels like Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness. At Port Matarre, Dr. Sanders finds it difficult to go any further. The police and army have put up a blockade around the infected area but don’t explain why. At first, Dr. Sanders has no idea of what’s happening, but something mysterious is occurring in the jungle.

I’ve only read Ballard’s novel The Dround World and Vermillion Sands, a collection, and less than a dozen short stories from anthologies. Ballard is great at creating an atmosphere. The Crystal World suggests a plague infecting reality spreading across the galaxy, even the universe, which affects time and consciousness. It’s not much of an idea, as science-fictional ideas go, but it is different.

However, what if The Crystal World was the only text found from our times, thousands of years from now like The Book of Genesis is to us. Would future humans imagine it as an allegory for something that happened to us? Would some think it described a literal event? Would the author of Genesis ever imagine billions of future humans believing their speculation was absolutely literal?

Fiction is like dreams, they both feel like they’re about something. Dreams are supposed to serve some kind of biological/psychological function. Is that true of fiction too? The authors of The Bible intended it to mean something. But millions of books and sermons have been created to explain The Bible and we’ve never agreed on any of them. The Crystal World is entertaining because it triggers that mechanism in our brain that fools us into believing we’re making sense of reality, the same mechanism that processes religious works, political news, or even gossip.

If I were a Zen Master or an intelligent robot, I’d discipline myself to ignore that delusion. The ancient Church fathers decided that eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, was the origin of sin, and the downfall of mankind. I believe the allegory could also explain our addiction to fiction, and I include religion as a genre of fiction. Both drive us crazy. The faithful use scripture to explain reality, while we heathens use novels.

In Eden, we wouldn’t have needed novels or scriptures.

James Wallace Harris, 12/25/24

“Books” by Judith Merril (F&SF August 1966):